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Fort St. Philip is an historic masonry fort located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, about upriver from its mouth in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. It formerly served as military protection of New Orleans, some up the river, and of the lower Mississippi River. The first fort on this location, ''Fort San Felipe'', was constructed in the 18th century during the period of Spanish control of Louisiana. The fort served a role in protecting the United States from the British invasion during the War of 1812, seeing ten days of battle in January 1815, the 9th to the 18th, inclusive. Specifically, the fort held its defenses against British Navy vessels who were bombarding it, in a final attempt to invade Louisiana following the defeat of the British Army near New Orleans.〔Remini, Robert V. ''The Battle of New Orleans'', 1999.〕 The current fort was constructed, along with Fort Jackson on the river's western bank, as a coastal defense for New Orleans and the Mississippi, upon the urging of Andrew Jackson. It was the site of a twelve-day siege in April 1862 by Union forces during the American Civil War, which was the decisive battle in the capture of New Orleans. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.〔32 KB and ''<--The PDF is the only part of this reference which is still a working link, November 2015.''〕 In the 1930s the fort was used as a tanning factory. This explains the old railroad tracks and fire hydrants. From 1978 through 1989 the fort complex served as the site of an intentional, nonsectarian spiritual community called Vella-Ashby, named by conjoining the surnames of the original and subsequent private property owners respectively. The community members numbered as many as 16 at any one time and were known as the Christos family. They lived in four buildings—three two-story officers quarters and an officers club—that remained from the re-fortification of the site during the 1898 Spanish–American War.〔 Fort St. Philip remains privately owned and in a state of bad deterioration. It was heavily damaged in 2005 during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. According to the National Park Service, the owner reported that only the original brick fort and the concrete structures from the time of the Spanish–American War remain. The site is accessible only by boat or helicopter, and following erosion of the small levee is now subject to flooding during high water levels of the Mississippi River. ==See also== *National Register of Historic Places listings in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana *List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana *Jackson Barracks, New Orleans 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fort St. Philip」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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